An ear infection occurs when a bacterial or viral infection affects the middle ear — the sections of your ear just behind the eardrum. Ear infections can be painful because of inflammation and fluid buildup in the middle ear.
Ear infections can be chronic or acute.
Acute ear infections are painful but short in duration.
Chronic ear infections either don’t clear up or recur many times. Chronic ear infections can cause permanent damage to the middle and inner ear.
What causes an ear infection?
An ear infection occurs when one of your eustachian tubes becomes swollen or blocked, causing fluid to build up in your middle ear. Eustachian tubes are small tubes that run from each ear directly to the back of the throat.
Causes of eustachian tube blockage include:
Allergies
Colds
Sinus infections
Excess mucus
Smoking
Infected or swollen adenoids (tissue near your tonsils that trap harmful bacteria and viruses)
Changes in air pressure
Risk factors for ear infections
Ear infections occur most commonly in young children because they have short and narrow eustachian tubes. Bottle-fed infants also have a higher incidence of ear infections than their breastfed counterparts.
Other factors that increase the risk of developing an ear infection are:
Altitude changes
Climate changes
Exposure to cigarette smoke
Pacifier use
Recent illness or ear infection
What are the symptoms of ear infections?
A few of the common symptoms of ear infections include:
Mild pain or discomfort inside the ear
A feeling of pressure inside the ear that persists
Fussiness in young infants
Pus-like ear drainage
Hearing loss
These symptoms might persist or come and go. Symptoms may occur in one or both ears. Pain is usually more severe with a double ear infection (infection in both ears).
Chronic ear infection symptoms may be less noticeable than those of acute ear infections.
Children younger than 6 months who have a fever or ear infection symptoms should see a doctor. Always seek medical attention if your child has a fever higher than 102°F (39°C) or severe ear pain.
How are ear infections diagnosed?
Your healthcare provider will examine your ears with an instrument called an otoscope that has a light and magnifying lens. Examination may reveal:
Redness, air bubbles, or pus-like fluid inside the middle ear
Fluid draining from the middle ear
A perforation in the eardrum
A bulging or collapsed eardrum
If your infection is advanced, your doctor may take a sample of the fluid inside your ear and test it to determine whether certain types of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are present.
They may also order a computed tomography (CT) scan of your head to determine if the infection has spread beyond the middle ear.
Finally, you may need a hearing test, especially if you’re suffering from chronic ear infections.
How are ear infections treated?
Most mild ear infections clear up without intervention. Some of the following methods are effective in relieving the symptoms of a mild ear infection:
Apply a warm cloth to the affected ear.
Take over-the-counter (OTC) pain medication such as ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol). Find ibuprofen or acetaminophen online.
Use OTC or prescription ear drops to relieve pain. Shop for ear drops.
Take OTC decongestants such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed). Purchase pseudoephedrine from Amazon.
If your symptoms get worse or don’t improve, you should schedule an appointment with your doctor. They may prescribe antibiotics if your ear infection is chronic or doesn’t appear to be improving.
If a child under the age of 2 has ear infection symptoms, a doctor will likely give them antibiotics as well.
It’s important to finish your entire course of antibiotics if they’re prescribed.
Surgery may be an option if your ear infection isn’t eliminated with the usual medical treatments or if you have many ear infections over a short period. Most often, tubes are placed in the ears to allow fluid to drain out.
In cases that involve enlarged adenoids, surgical removal of the adenoids may be necessary.
What can be expected in the long term?
Ear infections usually clear up without intervention, but they may recur. These rare but serious complications may follow an ear infection:
Hearing loss
Speech or language delay in children
Mastoiditis (an infection of the mastoid bone in the skull)
Meningitis (a bacterial infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)
A ruptured eardrum
How can ear infections be prevented?
The following practices may reduce the risk of ear infection:
Washing your hands often
Avoiding overly crowded areas
Forgoing pacifiers with infants and small children
Breastfeeding infants
Avoiding secondhand smoke
Keeping immunizations up-to-date
No comments: